ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the histological effects of insulin, metformin and insulin-metformin combination on liver morphology in high fat diet [HFD] / Streptozotocin [STZ] induced diabetic albino rats
Study Design: Experimental and comparative study
Place and Duration of Study: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences [IBMS], Dow University of Health Sciences [DUHS], Ojha Campus, Karachi, from January to August 2012
Methodology: The study was conducted on 50 HFD/STZ induced diabetic albino wistar rats which were randomized into 5 groups. One of the groups was treated with insulin, one with metformin, and the other group with insulin-metformin combination for 4 weeks. One of the groups was left untreated. One group was control group. After the treatment period, the rats were sacrificed and livers were isolated, weighed, processed and stained to analyse the difference in hepatic morphology in each treated and untreated groups, then the results were compared with control rats
Results: Statistically significant difference [p < 0.0001] was seen between the groups by using Kruskill Wallis Test. To further investigate the effectiveness of insulin, metformin and insulin-metformin combination, Mann-Whitney U-test was applied. Statistically significant difference was noticed when diabetic rats were given insulin-metformin combination [p < 0.0001]
Conclusion: The combination therapy was observed to have better effects on liver morphology than insulin and metformin used separately
ABSTRACT
To study the role of vitamin 'C' on X-irradiated epidermis of Guinea pigs under light microscope. A prospective experimental study. This study was conducted at the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre Karachi 2008 to 2009. Twenty seven animals were taken and were divided in to three groups. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups containing three animals each according to the time of sacrifice i.e. 48 hours, 15[th] day and 45[th] day respectively. A single whole body x-irradiation in a dose of 5 Gy was given. Group C animals were also given injection of vitamin-C intraperitoneally in the dose of 1mg/G/day. Animals were sacrificed under ether anaesthesia after completion of their respective periods. Tissues were processed and 4-5 micron thick paraffin embedded sections were cut and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin. Decrease in epidermal thickness was observed in Group B1 animals. Which is highly significant [P <0.001] when compared to control. Results of animals of Group B2, and B3 were non significant [P>0.05] when compared to control. Non significant results were obtained when Group C was compared to control group. X-irradiation damages the epidermis and vitamin 'C' minimizes the damaging effects